In the unlikely event that your directory has files with newlines in the names, this still lets xargs work on the correct filenames.
You could easily expand it, if you use SVN or have other folders you want to preserve -- just match against more names. It's roughly equivalent to -not -path. The -o after it is required because of how -prune actually works. Note : Do not run this command on a folder including a git repo - changes to. Compared to other answers here, this is simpler than most and uses sed instead of perl, which is what the original question asked for.
This variant of the -exec action runs the specified command on the selected files, but the command line is built by appending each selected file name at the end; the total number of invocations of the command will be much less than the number of matched files.
The command line is built in much the same way that xargs builds its command lines. The command is executed in the starting directory. The workaround - use find -exec or xargs solution described above. For anyone using silver searcher ag. To cut down on files to recursively sed through, you could grep for your string instance:. The "-exec" flag tells find to run the following command on each file found.
Per the find man page: "The command line is built in much the same way that xargs builds its command lines. Thus it's possible to achieve your goal and handle filenames containing spaces without using xargs -0 , or -print0. Note: Sometimes you might need to ignore some hidden files i. I just needed this and was not happy with the speed of the available examples. So I came up with my own:.
Ack-grep is very efficient on finding relevant files. I guess most people don't know that they can pipe something into a "while read file" and it avoids those nasty -print0 args, while presevering spaces in filenames. Further adding an echo before the sed allows you to see what files will change before actually doing it.
According to this blog post:. Also note this is to edit a Jinja template to pass a variable in the path of an import but this is off topic. First, verify your sed command does what you want this will only print the changes to stdout, it will not change the files :. Note the -i '' in the sed command, I did not want to create a backup of the original files as explained in In-place edits with sed on OS X or in Robert Lujo's comment in this page.
Here's a version that should be more general than most; it doesn't require find using du instead , for instance. It does require xargs , which are only found in some versions of Plan 9 like 9front. If you wanted to use this without completely destroying your SVN repository, you can tell 'find' to ignore all hidden files by doing:. See List files in local git repo?
The -z options tells git to separate the file names with a zero byte, which assures that xargs with the option -0 can separate filenames, even if they contain spaces or whatnot. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams? Collectives on Stack Overflow.
Learn more. It can be in the pattern you are searching for in the left hand side. You might have noticed I used a 'p' at the end of the previous substitute command. I also added the '-n' option. Let me first cover the 'p' and other pattern flags. These flags can specify what happens when a match is found. Let me describe them. Sed , by default, is the same way. If you tell it to change a word, it will only change the first occurrence of the word on a line.
You may want to make the change on every word on the line instead of the first. For an example, let's place parentheses around words on a line. The current version of Solaris's sed as I wrote this can get unhappy with patterns like this, and generate errors like "Output line too long" or even run forever.
I consider this a bug, and have reported this to Sun. As a work-around, you must avoid matching the null string when using the "g" flag to sed. Sed only operates on patterns found in the in-coming data.
That is, the input line is read, and when a pattern is matched, the modified output is generated, and the rest of the input line is scanned. The "s" command will not scan the newly created output. If a second "s" command is executed, it could modify the results of a previous command. I will show you how to execute multiple commands later. Specifying which occurrence With no flags, the first matched substitution is changed. With the "g" option, all matches are changed. There is an easier way to do this.
You can add a number after the substitution command to indicate you only want to match that particular pattern. For instance, if you want to leave the first word alone, but change the second, third, etc. Without the space, sed will run a long, long time. Note: this bug is probably fixed by now. This is because the number flag and the "g" flag have the same bug.
It can be any number from 1 to If it makes a substitution, the new text is printed instead of the old one. If you use an optional argument to sed, "sed -n," it will not, by default, print any new lines. I'll cover this and other options later. When the "-n" option is used, the "p" flag will cause the modified line to be printed.
With it, you can specify a file that will receive the modified data. You must have exactly one space between the w and the filename. You can also have ten files open with one instance of sed. This allows you to split up a stream of data into separate files. Using the previous example combined with multiple substitution commands described later, you could split a file into ten pieces depending on the last digit of the first number.
You could also use this method to log error or debugging information to a special file. Combining substitution flags You can combine flags when it makes sense.
Please note that the "w" has to be the last flag. Arguments and invocation of sed previously, I have only used one substitute command. A sed guru never uses two processes when one can do. If you give sed one argument, it must be a command, and sed will edit the data read from standard input. If there is more than one argument to sed that does not start with an option, it must be a filename.
The sed substitute command changes every line that starts with a " " into a blank line. Grep was used to filter out delete empty lines. Wc counts the number of lines left.
Sed has more commands that make grep unnecessary. And grep -c can replace wc -l. I'll discuss how you can duplicate some of grep 's functionality later. Let me clarify this. When used, only lines that match the pattern are given the command after the address.
Please note that if you do not include a command, such as the "p" for print, you will get an error. This will help you distinguish between flags that modify the pattern matching, and commands to execute after the pattern is matched. This is done by placing a backslash at the end of each line:! The long argument of the command is sed --version sed -h The -h option will print a summary of the sed commands.
The long argument of the command is sed --help A sed interpreter script Another way of executing sed is to use an interpreter script.
Create a file that contains:! On the Sun when I wrote this , you can have several comment lines anywhere in the script. Modern versions of Sed support this. If the first line contains exactly " n" then this does the same thing as the "-n" option: turning off printing by default.
This could not done with a sed interpreter script, because the first line must start with "! It worked when I first wrote this Note that "! However, "! Passing arguments into a sed script Passing a word into a shell script that calls sed is easy if you remembered my tutorial on the UNIX quoting mechanism. To review, you use the single quotes to turn quoting on and off.
A simple shell script that uses sed to emulate grep is:! Using sed in a shell here-is document You can use sed to prompt the user for some parameters and then create a file with those parameters filled in. You could create a file with dummy values placed inside it, and use sed to change those dummy values. A simpler way is to use the "here is" document, which uses part of the shell script as if it were standard input:!
If you type in "," the next line will be: The value is I admit this is a contrived example. This example does the same thing:! Better form would be to put double quotes around the evaluation of the value:! It's really quite simple. Each line is read in.
Each command, in order specified by the user, has a chance to operate on the input line. After the substitutions are made, the next command has a chance to operate on the same line, which may have been modified by earlier commands. If you ever have a question, the best way to learn what will happen is to create a small example. If a complex command doesn't work, make it simpler. If you are having problems getting a complex script working, break it up into two smaller scripts and pipe the two scripts together.
Addresses and Ranges of Text You have only learned one command, and you can see how powerful sed is. However, all it is doing is a grep and substitute. That is, the substitute command is treating each line by itself, without caring about nearby lines. What would be useful is the ability to restrict the operation to certain lines. Some useful restrictions might be: Specifying a line by its number. Specifying a range of lines by number.
All lines containing a pattern. All lines from the beginning of a file to a regular expression All lines from a regular expression to the end of the file. All lines between two regular expressions. Sed can do all that and more. Every command in sed can be proceeded by an address, range or restriction like the above examples. The restriction or address immediately precedes the command: restriction command Restricting to a line number The simplest restriction is a line number.
Sed uses the same convention, provided you terminate the expression with a slash. It isn't necessary, but without it the command is harder to fathom. Sed does provide a few extra options when specifying regular expressions. But I'll discuss those later.
If the expression starts with a backslash, the next character is the delimiter. It's hopeless. There is a lesson here: Use comments liberally in a sed script. You may have to remove the comments to run the script under a different older operating system, but you now know how to write a sed script to do that very easily! Comments are a Good Thing. You may have understood the script perfectly when you wrote it.
But six months from now it could look like modem noise. And if you don't understand that reference, imagine an 8-month-old child typing on a computer. Ranges by line number You can specify a range on line numbers by inserting a comma between the numbers. Assuming a " " starts a comment, you can search for a keyword, remove all comments until you see the second keyword. The second pattern turns off the flag.
If the "start" and "stop" pattern occurs twice, the substitution is done both times. If the "stop" pattern is missing, the flag is never turned off, and the substitution will be performed on every line until the end of the file.
You should know that if the "start" pattern is found, the substitution occurs on the same line that contains "start. That is, the next line is read and the substitute command is checked. If it contains "stop" the switch is turned off. Switches are line oriented, and not word oriented. You can combine line numbers and regular expressions. I will show you later how to restrict a command up to, but not including the line containing the specified pattern.
It is in Operating in a pattern range except for the patterns But I have to cover some more basic principles. Before I start discussing the various commands, I should explain that some commands cannot operate on a range of lines. I will let you know when I mention the commands. In this next section I will describe three commands, one of which cannot operate on a range. Delete with d Using ranges can be confusing, so you should expect to do some experimentation when you are trying out a new script.
A useful command deletes every line that matches the restriction: "d. Wc can count the lines, and expr can subtract 10 from the number of lines. A Bourne shell script to look at the last 10 lines of a file might look like this:! Or it can be a single regular expression. You would have to explicitly type in the tab. Note the order of operations above, which is in that order for a very good reason.
Comments might start in the middle of a line, with white space characters before them. Therefore comments are first removed from a line, potentially leaving white space characters that were before the comment. The second command removes all trailing blanks, so that lines that are now blank are converted to empty lines. The last command deletes empty lines. Together, the three commands remove all lines containing only comments, tabs or spaces.
This demonstrates the pattern space sed uses to operate on a line. The actual operation sed uses is: Copy the input line into the pattern space. Older post. Newer post. WebServerTalk participates in many types affiliate marketing and lead generation programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links.
This is not change the outcome of any reviews or product recommedations. Yahor M Yahor M 6 6 silver badges 8 8 bronze badges. Rounak Datta Rounak Datta 7 7 silver badges 9 9 bronze badges. Is there an option to make this work under windows as well git bash if you're wondering? I could sed the backlashes to slashes but an rg options would make things easier in general. For now I use rg "inpattern". Benjamin W. Navneet Navneet 1 1 silver badge 10 10 bronze badges. Please don't just dump code as an answer.
Explain what you are doing so users can understand how to solve the problem. In the future, please edit your answer instead of posting a comment beneath it. Also, please format code appropriate; do not use bold formatted text for code. The Overflow Blog. Podcast Helping communities build their own LTE networks. Podcast Making Agile work for data science. Featured on Meta.
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